The history of the oil and gas industry in Carlsbad, New Mexico is intertwined with the broader narrative of oil exploration and extraction in the United States characterized by periods of boom, technological innovation, economic prosperity, and environmental challenges.
1904.065 Delivery wagon and team before the Standard Oil Co. building and tanks. 808 North Main, Carlsbad, New Mexico. The Southeastern New Mexico Historical Society Collection
1939.116 Oil derrick at sunset near Eunice NM. This is near where Fred Nymeyer had the Triangle E ranch. New Mexico Jal Area. Bob Nymeyer Photo Collection. Bob Nymeyer
Early Exploration and Discovery of Oil
Oil exploration in the Carlsbad region dates back to the late 19th century when prospectors began to search for oil in the Permian Basin which extends into southeastern New Mexico and western Texas. However, initial efforts were sporadic and largely unsuccessful due to limited technology and understanding of the geological formations. The early 1920s marked the beginning of the first major oil boom in Carlsbad and the surrounding region. This boom was triggered by the discovery of oil in commercial quantities in the Permian Basin including areas near Carlsbad. The development of large oil fields, such as the Yates Oil Field, contributed to a surge in drilling activity, population growth, and economic expansion.
1948.130 Aerial: Unknown oil drilling rig and layout after a light snow. 1948 Jan 29 New Mexico Carlsbad Area. Bob Nymeyer Photo Collection. Bob Nymeyer.
1966.182 A new gas well fire at Indian Hills. (Started on Feb 22nd, internationally known oil field firefighter, Red Adair, had it out by Feb 28th.) 1966 Feb 22. New Mexico Indian Hills. Current Argus. Photo Collection - Bob Light.
Boom Periods
The 1920s and 1930s witnessed a boom in oil production in Carlsbad and the surrounding areas. Large oil fields, such as the Yates Oil Field, were discovered leading to a surge in population and economic development. The influx of oil wealth transformed Carlsbad from a small agricultural community into a thriving oil town. During this period, technological advancements in drilling techniques and increased exploration efforts led to the discovery of additional oil reserves which fueled continued growth in production and investment in the area. Another significant oil boom occurred in Carlsbad during the 1950s and 1960s. This period saw renewed interest in oil exploration and development driven by rising demand for oil and improved drilling technologies. The discovery of new oil fields and the expansion of existing ones contributed to a surge in production and economic activity in Carlsbad and the Permian Basin.
1966.656 Red Adair, world-famous oil field firefighter, behind the shield at center, directs attempts to control the large gas fire 15 miles east of Carlsbad. 1966 Sept 29. New Mexico Indian Hills. Carlsbad Current Argus Photo Collection. Dale Sedgwick.
1967.590 (A thru G) Seven of the installations in the Indian Hills Gas Field, taken for the Texas Oil & Gas Corporation. 1967 May 24. New Mexico Indian Hills. Bob Nymeyer Photo Collection. Bob Nymeyer.
2000s-Present
In recent decades, Carlsbad has experienced another oil boom fueled by advancements in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling techniques. The widespread adoption of these technologies has enabled oil companies to access previously inaccessible shale formations, such as the prolific Wolfcamp and Bone Spring formations within the Permian Basin. This has led to a surge in oil production, investment, and employment opportunities in Carlsbad and the surrounding areas.
These oil booms have had a profound impact on the economy, infrastructure, and community of Carlsbad, shaping its development and growth over the years. As we continue to progress, we will continue to mold and shape the history of this great region we call home.
1993.135 Dorothy Queen coming up a stairway to the gasoline loading dock at the Queen Oil and Gas Company, owned by her husband. CA Photo. 28 FEB 1993.
1994.097 Dorothy Queen, owner of Queen Oil and Gas Company, 3202 S. Canal Street, Carlsbad. CA Photo. 22 MAY 1994.
Photos provided by the Southeastern New Mexico Historical Society
Article written by Karey Jeffress and originally published in Focus Regional 2024 Oil & Gas edition.
Karey Jeffress
Karey Jeffress, a Carlsbad native, loves helping others live their lives to the fullest. Karey’s passions for teaching and healthcare background have inspired her career in education. She has a Master’s in Public Health Promotion, and is working toward a Doctorate in Health Professions Education. Karey is the Allied Health Teacher at Carlsbad High School, a certified Mental Health First Aid and QPR Gatekeeper instructor, yoga teacher, mental health advocate, and community outreach professional. Her other loves include her husband, Dale, and her dogs, as well as attending concerts and baseball games, playing outdoors, local brews, and good nachos.
